ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To determine knowledge and attitudes about Zika in pregnant women from southern Lima. METHOD: Cross-sectional analytical study. Pregnant women were included who attended the Maternal and Child Health center in Villa María del Triunfo during October 2017. RESULTS: 97 pregnant women participated, the average age was 28.23 ± 7.9. The largest age group was 16-28 years (54.6%). When categorizing the level of knowledge, we appreciate that most had good knowledge about the disease (78.4%) and all had positive attitudes. Pregnant women with a higher educational level had a better knowledge of the disease (p <0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The knowledge and attitudes of the pregnant women about Zika were generally good.

RESUMEN OBJETIVOS: determinar el conocimiento y las actitudes sobre el Zika en gestantes del sur de Lima MÉTODO: Estudio transversal analítico. Se incluyeron gestantes que acudieron al establecimiento de Salud Materno Infantil de Villa María del Triunfo durante octubre del 2017. RESULTADOS: Participaron 97 gestantes, la edad promedio fue de 28,23±7,9. El mayor grupo de edad fue de 16-28 años (54,6%). Al realizar la categorización del nivel de conocimientos, apreciamos que la mayoría tuvo conocimientos buenos sobre la enfermedad (78,4%) y todas tuvieron actitudes positivas. Las gestantes con mayor nivel educativo tuvieron un mejor conocimiento de la enfermedad (p<0,001) CONCLUSIONES: El conocimiento y las actitudes de las gestantes sobre el zika, fueron por lo general buenos.

Abstract: Background: Previous studies have shown oxidative stress in pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus, nevertheless, it remains unknown whether a similar response is characteristic of endemic pemphigus foliaceus in Peru. Objectives: To determine the oxidative stress response in endemic pemphigus foliaceus patients and subjects with positive for anti-desmoglein1 antibodies (anti-dsg1) from endemic areas of Peru. Subjects and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The study population included 21 patients with Endemic Pemphigus foliaceus and 12 healthy subjects with anti-dsg1 antibodies from the Peruvian Amazon (Ucayali), as well as 30 healthy control subjects. Malondialdehyde, an indicator of lipid peroxidation by free radicals, was measured in serum. Results: We collected 21 cases of endemic pemphigus foliaceus, 15 of them with active chronic disease and 6 in clinical remission. Serum malondialdehyde values in patients with chronic active evolution and healthy subjects with anti-dsg1 antibodies were statistically higher than those of healthy controls (p<0.001). There was no significant difference between serum values of localized and generalized clinical forms. Study limitations: The main limitation of this present study is the small number of patients with endemic pemphigus and healthy subjects positive for desmoglein 1 antibodies. Conclusions: The increased serum levels of malondialdehyde in patients with chronic active endemic pemphigus foliaceus and healthy subjects from endemic areas with anti-dsg1 antibodies may suggest a contribution of systemic lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of endemic pemphigus foliaceus.

La criptococosis es una infección micótica de distribución mundial, producida principalmente por el complejo Cryptococcus neoformans/Cryptococcus gattii (C. neoformans/C. gattii), ambos se encuentran ampliamente distribuidos en la naturaleza. C. neoformans afecta principalmente a personas inmunocomprometidas y C. gattii a pacientes inmunocompetentes expuestos a al nicho ecológico del hongo. Por lo general la puerta de entrada es por vía respiratoria y posteriormente se disemina a otras regiones del cuerpo, principalmente el sistema nervioso central. El diagnóstico se realiza por observación directa del hongo, estudios histopatológicos, aislamiento en cultivos y la presencia de antígeno capsular. Las manifestaciones cutáneas pueden ser por inoculación primaria a la piel, denominada criptococosis cutánea primaria o por diseminación hematógena como parte de una enfermedad sistémica, lo que se denomina criptococosis cutánea secundaria. Las principales diferencias son que en la primera existe un antecedente traumático previo, menor porcentaje de pacientes inmunodeprimidos y lesiones únicas o confinadas a las manos o áreas descubiertas. Aunque la incidencia de criptococosis ha disminuido con el tratamiento antirretroviral de gran actividad, aun es prevalente en regiones donde no se accede a este tratamiento, así mismo las manifestaciones cutáneas son difíciles de reconocer por lo que es importante que el médico considere este diagnóstico en pacientes con el virus de inmunodeficiencia humana o pacientes que antecedente traumático expuestos a la ecología del hongo como heces de palomas, tierra o madera en descomposición.

Cryptococcosis is an opportunistic fungal infection of worldwide distribution, mainly produced by the complex Cryptococcus neoformans / Cryptococcus gattii, both are widely distributed in nature, primarily affecting immunocompromised patients. Generally the gateway is through inhalation and later spread to other regions of the body, especially the central nervous system. The diagnosis is performed by direct observation of the fungus, histopathology, culture isolation and the presence of capsular antigen. Cutaneous manifestations may be for primary inoculation to the skin, called primary cutaneous cryptococcosis or for hematogenous spread as part of a systemic disease, which is called secondary cutaneous cryptococcosis. The main differences are a previous trauma, lower percentage of immunocompromised patients and single lesions confined to the hands or bare spots in the first case. Although the incidence of cryptococcosis has decreased with highly active antiretroviral therapy, is still prevalent in regions where there is not access to this treatment, also the skin manifestations are difficult to recognize what is important for the physician to consider this diagnosis in patients with the human immunodeficiency virus or patients with traumatic history exposed to ecology of the fungus as pigeon excreta, soil or decaying wood.

Nós reportamos o caso de um paciente peruano immunocompetente proveniente dos Andes com história de um mês com meningoencefalite. Foi identificado o Cryptococcus gattii na cultura de liquido cerebrospinal através da assimilação de D-prolina e D-tryptofano como fonte única de nitrogênio. Inicialmente, o paciente recebeu tratamento antifúngico intravenoso com amfotericina B. O paciente foi liberado 29 dias depois da hospitalização, seguindo tratamento oral durante 10 semanas com fluconazol. Durante este período, o paciente apresentou melhoria clinica e uma leve fraqueza residual direita. Com o reporte do caso, nós confirmamos a existência desse microorganismo como agente infeccioso em nosso país.

We report a case of an immunocompetent Peruvian patient from the Andes with a one-month history of meningoencephalitis. Cryptococcus gattii was identified from a cerebrospinal fluid culture through assimilation of D-proline and D-tryptophan as the single nitrogen source. Initially, the patient received intravenous antifungal therapy with amphotericin B. The patient was discharged 29 days after hospitalization and continued with oral fluconazole treatment for ten weeks. During this period, the patient showed clinical improvement with slight right-side residual weakness. Through this case report, we confirm the existence of this microorganism as an infectious agent in Peru.

Endemic pemphigus foliaceus (EPF) in an autoinmune skin disease present in areas of the Amazonia. We report a 36 year-old woman who presented EPF at 17 weeks of pregnancy. At 29 weeks, she started antimicrobial treatment and steroids. At the moment of delivery, the disease was in remission and cutaneous lesions were not seen in the neonate. Indirect immunofluorescence titers of total IgG in the mother and in the neonate were negative. Sixteen months later, IgG titers in the offspring were 1/20 and remained negative in the mother, who was on low doses of oral corticosteroids (Rev Méd Chile 2009; 137: 1205-8).